Fluid system



G. G. EARL.

FLUID SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 26, 1917. ELASQVSL lPatentefl 0011.3,1922. 2SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Fig.2.

LVV .VTOR.

G. G. EARL.

FLUID SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 26. 1917.

ILASQVM Patentefi 0ctu3,1922a 2 SHETS-SHEET 2.

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GEORGE GOODELL EARL, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, ASSIGN 031?, 015"ONE-THIRD '.l.@

CHARLES ARTHUR BROWN, F LORAIN, OHIO, AND ONE-THIRD T0 ALBERT BALD- WINWOOD, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. I

name srrsrniu.

application filed February as, 1917. serial No. 1%,h27.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gnonen G. EARL, a citizen of the United States,residing at New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State ofLouisiana, have invented certain new and useful 1m rovements in FluidSystems; and

I do here y declare the tollowlng to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same,

. such'as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertainsto make and use the same.

My invention relates to fluid systems, and more particularly to fluidmeasuring and regulating systems.

The objects of my invention and the invention itself will be understoodfrom a deembodiment of the invention shown therein,

' both sides of the orifice 51.

I have shown at 311 a source of fluid which may be a source of steam.For the purpose of describing this embodiment of the invention and itsoperation, it will be assumed that 311 is a source of steam, though itwill be apparent that my invention may be used in connection with otherfluids. The steam leaves the source 311 under pressure and passesthrough a main 32 to an outlet or destination, which is not illustratedin the drawing.

Mechanism is provided for creating a flow of steam proportional to theflow in the main 32. I contemplate the use of any suitable means forthis purpose. In the embodiment shown a web is illustrated at 80 in themain 32, provided with anorifice 51. Openings are provided in the wallsof the main 32 on Inthe embodimentshown a plurality of openings 81 isshown on the high pressure side of the orifice 51, which places thatportion of the main in communication with a chamber 82 surrounding themain. In the embodiment shown a single orifice 83 is shown on the lowpressureside of the orifice 5 T P of the contents of such member.

ing 83 is connected through a pipe 84: with.

a cell 85 on one side of a mova 1e means, such as a diaphragm 50. p Thechamber 82 is connected through a duct 36 and an orifice with a cell 87onlthe other sideot the diaphragm 50. The diaphragm 50 controls a valve53 in a duct 88 leading to a nozzle 14 in a duct 11'. Theseparts aresurrounded with heat insulating material 33 to mainta n constant thetemperature of the fluid passing therethrou h.

As is wel understood the pressures on the two sides of the orifice 51will act upon the diaphragm 50 to regulate the valve 53, so that a flowwill pass through the duct 88 proportional to the flow through the main32, and such flows will be maintained proportional.

At lis shown a source of fluid, such as 'comparativelycold water under asuficientpressure, which passes through a duct 90, a recording andintegrating meter 2, through 'a pipe 3, from which it is discharged, asmdicated by the arrow, into the chamber 4:, wherein there is a sectionof pipe, which may be coiled, as indicated at 9, and to be laterdescribed. The temperature of the water is varied in a suitable mannerby the contents of the pipe 9. The water then passes through the opening10 into the container 5, where it contacts with av cell 7, here spokenof as a temperature member, for the purpose of changing the temperatureThe water then passes, as indicated by the arrow, through the pipe 11,where it comes in contact with the steam from the nozzle 14, condensingthe same and passes into the container 121, where it contacts With thecell 13, which will be spoken of herein as the 91 to the junction point92, where it may 7 pass through the pressure relief valve 20 to thejunction point 93, or through the p pe 520', the coils 9, the pipe 22,to the unct1on point 93, heating the water entering the container a tothe required initial temperature,

and then through the meter 24, the pressure relief valve 25, the duct26, to the chamber 529, where it flows over the constant level flow 27and through the pipe 30 to its destination, which may be a hot waterwell (not illustrated).

The parts are surrounded. with heat insulating material, as indicated at31. The cell 7 contains a quantity of liquid, indicated at 8 and aquantity of fluid 6 which may be a liquid, but which is preferably agas. A duct 35 has an end 94 exte-ndlnginto the chamber 7 and below thesurface of the liquid. The other end of the duct connects with a pipe 36and with a cell 95. A U tube 43 is connected at one end with the cell 95and at the other end with a second cell 96, spoken of herein as thevacuum cell. A quantity of fluid 40, which is preferably mercury, isplaced in the tube. The space 96 is preferably a vacuum, or as near suchas can in practice be realized. A float 44 1S placed in the cell 95 andis connected by a rod 37 passing through the tube 36 to one end of alever 97 by which a valve 21in the duct 20 is controlled. In theembodiment shown a weight 98 is at the other end of the lever 97. Therod 37 very nearly fills the bore of the tube 36.

The container 13 is filled with an expan sible fluid, preferably aliquid, which stands normally at the level indicated at 45 in the tube47, or at such other level as is required to balance the pressure oftheflow level 27. The bore of the tube 47 is almost filled by the rod48.

At 100 is shown a chamber in which a movable member, such as a diaphragm46, is placed. A duct 101 leads from the chamber 13 to a cell 102 on oneside of the diaphragm and a duct 103 connects a cell 104 on the otherside of the diaphragm 46 with a cell 105 in the chamber 29. The rod 48connects the diaphragm 46 to one end of. a lever 110, which controls thevalve 19. The other end of the lever is connected to a balance weight111 in the embodiment shown.

The apparatus operates to pass a fluid to the duct 11 at a constanttemperature, maintained constant by the water in the coils 9, thequantity of water delivered to these coils being controlled andregulated by the valve 21. lVhen the temperature of the water passing onthe outside of the coils and contacting with the walls of 7 is reduced,the valve will be opened more, so that the quantity of warm waterflowing through coils 9 will be increased and this will elevate thetemperature of the water flowing to the duct 11. This apparatus operatesauto matically to maintain the temperature of the water constant, aswill be better understood from a detailed description of the operation,to follow.

The quant y of. flow of Water thro gh the system will be regulated andcontrolled by the valve 19, which in turn is governed by the temperatureof the fluid in the chamber 13, so that the flow through the system willbe proportional to this temperature, in a manner which will be betterunderstood from a detailed description of the operation, to follow. Inthe embodiment shown any difl'erence between the temperatures of thefluid flowing through 11 and that flowing through 121, 18, 91, etc.,will be due solely to the steam which enters through the nozzle 14, sothat the variations in the flow of water through the system will beproportional to the variations in the temperature and quantity of thesteam.

More in particular, theoperation is as follows: The steam flows from thesource 311 throu h the orifice 51 in the main 32. The flow through theorifice is, of course, functional to the pressure difference on the twosides of the orifice, and these pressures are conveyed to the two sidesof the diaphragm 50, which moves back and forth in response tovariations in the pressure difl'erences on the two sides of the orifice51. The valve 53 is operated in proportion to the fluctuation of thediaphragm, admitting more or less steam to the nozzle 14, so that theflow through 88 will be, proportional to the flow through the orifice51. The steam passing through the nozzle 14, in striking the cold water,Will be condensed and impart its heat to the Water, thereby elevatingthe temperature of the mass of water in proportion to the heat of thesteam.

Water flows from the source 1 through the meter 2 where the flow ismeasured and recorded. Entering the chamber 4, the temperature of thewater will be changed by the contents of the pipe 9, assuming, ofcourse, that the temperature of such contents is diflerent from thetemperature of the water. This apparatus is so regulated andproportioned that the temperature'of the water which flows out of theduct 11 will be maintained constant in the following manner and by thefollowing means:

If the temperature of the water drops slightly below the temperature atwhich it is desired to maintain it, the contents 6 of the chamber 7 willbe lowered in temperature and consequently thev contract in'volume, sothat fluid will flow back into the chamber from the duct 35;consequently, the mercury column will rise in the cell 95, lifting thefloat 44 and opening the valve 21, so that 'more warm water may flowinto the coils 9 and cause the elevation of the temperature of the waterin 4 to bring it back to normal, or the temperature at which it isdesired to :maintain it; Of course, the expansion of the.

fluid 6 will be in proportion to the change in the temperature of thewater surrounding th chamber 7, and the intermediate meche nism willmove in proportion thereto and the valve will be so moved, with theresult that the movement of the valve 21 will be in proportion to thechange in temperature of the water in the container 5, and by this meansthe water which passes throu h the duct 11 will always be maintained att e desired temperature. This temperature, however, will be varied, as Ihave explained, by the steam which enters through the nozzle 14:, andwill be varied functionally to the temperature of the steam. When thetemperature is raised or lowered by the steam, the liquid in the cell 13will be expanded or contracted, and the level in the tube 47 will becorrespondingly raised or lowered, thereby increasing or decreasing thepressure upon the diaphragm 46, which is opposed by a constant pressurein the cell 104. As a result, the diaphragm 46 will be moved inproportion to the variations in temperature of the steam enteringthrough the nozzle 14.- and the alve 19 will be moved functionallthereto, thereby regulating the flow throug 1 the duct 18, so that itwill be proportional to the temperature of the steam. The total flowthrough the duct 18 is measured and integrated by the meter 24.

The enlargement 49 provides storage space, without wastage, for themaximum amount of expansion without excessive increase of pressure, thuspermitting of the use of thin temperature members, without danger ofrupture or distortion and giving ample pressure diflerence forregulation, and the equivalent, in efiect, of a closed system, while thelight pressure open to atmospheric conditions permits the stem to workfreely without a stufiing box.

The pressure relief valves 20 and provide a sufiicient difference ofpressure on the two sides f the valve 20, to force any required amountof circulation through the valve 21, which said valve will permit.

The bore of the tube 36 being nearly filled by the stem or rod 37, nomaterial quantity of fluid is required to fill it, and practically thewhole eliect of the expansion or contraction of the fluid in the chamber7 is operative to change the mercury level 40, and since this mercurylevel is determined by the mercury column in vacuum on one side of theatmosphericpressure plus a fluctuating liquid level or pressure on theother side, it is evident that the pressure government is from absolutezero of pressure, as represented by the pressure P which is balanced byatmospheric pressure plus 1), at

highest atmospheric pressure and plus ,1),

plus 70 at lowest atmospheric pressure, and since the quantity of liquidin the tube 36 surrounding the stem 37 for the required ran e ofressures is ne li ible, as comb D b pared with the cubical expansibilityof the fluid in container 7 for s ight varia i ns of lation illustratedin Fig. l are interchangeable and that either may be used in both cases.

Figs. 2 and 2 show an arrangement of the two meters 2 and 24, wherebytwo parallel lines may be drawn on a clockdriven drum 54 by the pens 55and 56,

which shall be'between the spiral lines 57 and one of which by itsposition between said lines shall indicate the pressure of the steamHow, and each of which by markings 58 and larger markings 59 shallindicate the amount of flow which has passed the meters 2 and 24 and thetime required for the passage of given amounts of flow.

The drum 5% is supported through the stem 63 by the beam 61'pivoted at62, and propelled by clock-driven mechanism. descends the spiral 60. Thepipe 66 exposes the'lower side of the piston 64 to the pressure of thesteam flow to be measured, opposing said pressure against the spring 65.The spring 65 and the chart rulings 57 and each one of the pens 55 or 56are so adjusted that with a stated steam pressure said pens would at alltimes follow the spirals 57. Any greater pressure under the piston 64will raise said piston and lower the whole drum carrying mechanism, sothat the pen will mark a proportional distance from said spiral whichdistance will, therefore, record the pressure above the pressurenecessary to maintain the pen on the. spiral lines 57 The pens 55 and 56are in a stationary position supported by the wheels 69 and 70, so longas the faces of said wheels are smooth and circular. By placingprojections 151 on wheel 69 and depressions 152 on wheel 70, however,the passage of each of said'projections or depressions past thesupporting arms 73 and 74 of the pens 55 and 56 will result in an upwardmark by the pen 56 and a downward mark by the pen 55 each time saidprojection or depression passes and the spaces between these marks canbe made to each indicate a definite amount of flow and each 10 or 5 markto indicate a full or a half flow. At the same time, the meters 2 and 24may perform the usual integration of the total flow passing through, aswell as operating the pinions 71 and 72, which turn the pen actuatingwheels 69 and 70.

The flow of Water will be proportional to the heat units of the steam,and the flow being measured and recorded,.such measure- -ments andrecords when properly integrated, will give a reading and a record ofthe heat units of the steam. Thus, theheat units above a predeterminedtemperature canbe measured. I can also measure. the actual lar fluidproportional-to the main flow and at the same or substantially the sametemperatures and pressures, means to create a third fluid flow andmechanism to bring the last named flow to a uniform or-substan- 'tiallyuniform temperature, a duct for introducing said proportional flow tosaid last named flow and apparatus to regulate the rate of the lastnamed flow and maintain it quantity of steam used to furnish such heat\proportional to the heat contents above a units and the initialpressure of the steam flow from which they result. All three of thesemeasurements can be recorded, if desired, upon a single chart, as hasbeen described in connection with Figs. 2 and 2*, thereby maintaininginformation at sight which permits all of the characteristics of thesteam flow to be located upon a proper diagram of steam characteristics.It will also be seen that I have discovered that for the measurementand'regulation of flows of a heated compressible fluid like steam, theheat content above a fixed temperature is the best and most useful basisof measurement. This gives means of direct comparison for boilerefiiciency and thermal efficiency of engines, and, if the steam is ofany stated constant temperature, pressure and quality, it gives also thequantity of steam.

I have shown this particular embodiment and these particular details forthe purpose of explaining my invention, and not that I means to create aflow of compressible fluid,

means to create a second flow initially maintained at a constant orsubstantially constant temperature, meansto cause the first flow toimpart to the second flow all or substantially all'of its heat energyand mechanism-to vary the rate of the second flow proportional to thevariations in heat content of the first flow.

2. In a fluid system, the combination of means to create a flow ofcompressible fluid, means to create a second flow, apparatus controlledb the first flow for initially bringing and maintaining the second flowto'and at a predetermined constant temperature, means to cause the firstflow to impart to the second flow all or substantially all its heatenergy, and mechanism controlled by the second flow after such heatenergy has been imparted thereto to vary the rate of the second flowproportionally to the vastriations in heat content of the firstflowpredetermined temperature thereof after said proportional flow offluid has been introduced thereto.

4. In a fluid system, the "combination of means to create a flow ofcompressible fluid,

mechanism to create a second flow with which the first is brought intocontact, apparatus to bring said last named flow to a uniform orsubstantially uniform temperature, means to cause the heat energy of thefirst flow to be absorbed by the second flow and mechanism to vary thequantity of the flow of. the second flow to be proportional to thevariations in the heat energy of the first flow.

5. In a fluid system, the combination of means to create a flow ofcompressible fluid, means to create a second flow divided into twosections, apparatus controlled by the first section for causing thesecond section or a portion thereof to bring and maintain the firstsection to and at'a predetermined constant temperature, means to impartto the fluid of the first section of the second flow all orsubstantially all the heat energy of the first named flow and mechanismcontrolled by the second section of the second flow to maintain the rateof the second flow proportional to the heat content of the first 6. In afluid system, the combination of means to create a steam flow, means tointroduce said steam flow to a constant tem; perature flow of water tovary the tempera ture, and mechanism controlled by the combined flows tomaintain the rate of the combined flows proportional to the heat contentof the steam flow.

7 In a fluid system, the combination of means to create a fluid flow,means to create a second fluid flow divided into two sections, apparatusto bring the first section to and maintain it at a predeterminedconstant temperature including a valve controlled by the first sectionof the second flow to divert a portion of the second section thereof tovary the temperature of the first section, means to impart to the secondsection of the first flow all or substantially all the heat energy ofthe first flow and mechanism governed by the second section of the firstflow for maineagan said chamber through which fluid may pass to vary thetemperatureof the fluid in the chamber, mechanism controlled by thefirst flow regulating the flow of fluid through said pipe to bring thesecond flow of fluid to a predetermined temperature and to main tainsuch temperature constant, a second chamber through which the combinedflows pass, a device for regulating the rate of the latin device.

combined flows and mechanism in said second chamber controlled by thetemperature of the combined flows governing said regu- 9. n a fluidsystem, the combination of means to create a fluid flowfmeans to createa second fluid flow and means to combine the two flows, fluid operatedapparatus controlled by the second flow for bringing the second flow toa predetermined temperature and maintaining such temperature constant,means for utilizing a' portion of the combined flows for regulating thetemperature of the second flow, mechanism controlled by the combinedflows for maintaining the rate of the second flow and of the combinedflows proportional to the heat contents of the first flow, means forcausing a portion of the combined flows to be utilized'to regulate thetemperature of the second flow and for reuniting it with the remainderof the combinedfiows and apparatus actuated by the combined flows. 5

10. in a device of amass described, the

- combination of a source of fluid under pressure, a chamber throughwhich fluid flows from said source, a plpe having a section associatedwith said chamber through which fluid flows to regulate the temperatureof the flow from said source, a valve in said pipe and mechanismcontrolled by the flow from said source for governing said valve.

11. In a device for the measurement of a condensible fluid flow, a majorflow of the condensible fluid, means for creating a pressure differencefunctional to such fluid flow, a minor condensible fluid flow, means formaintaining said minor condensible flow functional to said majorcondensible fluid flow, a third fluid flow, means for maintaining saidthird" fluid flowiunctional to said minor condensible fluid flows, andmeans adapted to measure said third fluid flow, means for introducingsaid minor condensible fluid flow into said third fluid flow, meansforcondensing said minor condensible fluid flow and uniting said minorcondensed fluid flow and said third fluid flow,

heat absorption member in the path of said third fluid flow whereby thetemperature of the third fluid flow is maintained at a predeterminedtemperature, a second heat obsorption member in the path of'the combinedthird fluid flow and the condensed irlilmor fluid flow and means formaintaining e member at a predetermined temperature.

l2. lln a device of the class described, the COI I1blI1&ti0I1 ot'achamber through which fluid flows, a pipe having a section associatedw1th said chamber,

valve in said pipe, a cell in said chamber with which the fluid in thechamber contacts, a fluid in the cell,- means maintaining a vacuum, asecond cell, a U tube, one end of WhlCll communicates with said meansand the other end with said second cell, a float in the second cell,means to place the two cells in communication, and a device wherebysaidfloat controls said valve.

temperature in the second absorption hit '13. In a device of the classdescribed, the

.combination of a chamber through which valve-in said pipe, a cell inthe chamber with which the fluid in the chamber contacts, meansmaintaining a vacuum, a U tube, one end of which communicates with saidmeans, a second cell with which the other end of the U tubecommunicates, a heavy liquid in the U tube, a float in the second cellonthe surface of the heavy liquid, a pipe placing the upper portion of thesecond'cell in communication with the. lower portion of the first cellanda device through which the float operates the valve.

14. l[n a device of the class described, the combination of a chamberthrough which fluid flows, a valve regulating the flow of fluid throughthe chamber, a cell in said chamber with which the fluid contacts,movable means opposed by a constant fluid pressure, a fluid in said celladapted to be contracted and expanded against said movable means, andmechanism controlled by said movable means for governing said valve.

15. In a device of the class described, the combination of a fluidchamber through which fluid flows, a valve regulating the flow of fluidthrough the chamber, a cell in said chamber containing a liquid adaptedto be expanded and contracted, a diaphragm to one side of which aconstant pressure is applied, a pipe for placing the other side of thediaphragm in communication with the cell and means whereby the diaphragmcontrols the valve.-

16. In a device of the class described, the combination of a cellthrough which fluid flows, fluid flow regulating means including a fluidpressureoperated device, a tube having a small efiective bore mountedover said pressure operated device and means'to vary the head in saidtube proportionally-to the variations in temperature of the fluid insaid chamber.

steam flow, the combination of means to withdraw a proportional flow ofsteam, ap-

paratus to introduce and condense said proportional flow of steam into ameasured flow of water, mechanism to measure the combined flow of steamand water and means to measure the difference between said flow of waterand said combined flow of water and steam as a measure of the quantityof steam in pounds thereof.

19. In a device for the measurement or regulation of a steam flow, thecombination of means to introduce a steam flow into a.

measured flow of water maintained at a predetermined constanttemperature, apparatus to regulate the ratio between the steam flowand'the water flow, so that the combined flow of water and condensedsteam shall be increased to a predetermined constant temperature andmeans to measure the combined flow of water and condensed steam,mechanism to interpret the measured water flow into heat units of steamflow and means to interpret the difference between the measured combinedflow of water and condensed steam and the measured water flow intopounds of steam.

20. In a device to measure the heat units in a steam flow above apredetermined constant temperature, the combination of means tointroduce said flow into a flow ofwater which is maintained at apredeter 50 mined lower'constant temperature and to condense such steamflow therein, whereby the first predetermined constant temperature shallexist in the combined flow of water and condensed steam, and devices tomeasure the flow of water required.

21. In a device to record the quantity and characteristics of a steamflow, the combination of means to cause suchvflow to be condensed in aquantity of water at a constant temperature of such water sufficient toincrease the temperature ofsuch water to a predetermined higher constanttemperature, mechanism to record the amount of water required therefor,means to record the combined amount of water and condensed steam anddevices to record the initial pressure of the steam flow.

22. In a device to regulate a. fluid pressure in any predeterminedrelation to zero of ressure, the combination of a fluid containlngvessel, a movable member therein exposed-to two fluids whose pressuresare op.- posed to one another thereat, apparatus to cause one of thesetwo fluid pressures to react against a commercial vacuum and means togovern one of said pressures to maintain it equal to the other.

23. In a device to regulate a fluid pressure in any predeterminedrelation to zero of pressure, the combination of a fluid containingvessel, a movable] member therein exposed to two fluids whose pressuresare opposed to one another thereat, means to cause one of these twofluid pressures to by the movable member to govern temperature changesin a confined fluid whose pressure acts upon said movable member.

25. In a device for the measurement or regulation of a flow of fluid,the combination of a movable member, a pair of pressure chambers, meansto communicate fluid pressures to the! said pressure chambers, saidmovable member being adapted to be oppositely actuated by the saidpressures. and means actuated by said member to maintain the flow to bemeasured or regulated at a constant temperature.

26. In a device for the regulation of fluid temperatures, thecombination ofa movable member exposed to two opposed fluid pressures,said member having a neutral position and adapted to be moved therefromin response to variations in said pressures, means to dominate one ofthe pressures acting on said movable member in response to changes intemperature in one of said fluids and mechanism overned by the movablemember to modi y said fluid temperatures and thereby restore the movablemember to neutral position.

a 27. In a fluid system, the combination of a fluid vessel, a movablemember therein,

means to expose to opposite sides of said member fluids under pressure,mechanism to change the temperature of one of said fluids and thepressure thereof on one side of said member and apparatus controlled bythe movable member to restore the original pressure and temperature ofsaid fluid.

28; The method of measuring the heat contents of a fluid flow, whichconsists in creating a flow of fluid proportional to the main flow andat the same temperatures and pressures, exposing another flow of fluidat a predetermined constant temperature to the proportional flow, andthereby changing the temperature of the other fluid flow, maintainingsuch other flow of fluid proportional to the heat contents of the firstfluid flow and measuring the last named flow of fluid.

29. In a device to regulate a fluid pressure in any predeterminedrelation to a constant pressure, the combination of a fluid containingvessel, a movable member exposed to two opposite fluid pressures whichhave contiguous surfaces, mechanism to cause one of thesepressures toreact against a constant pressure and means operated by the movablemember to govern temperature changes in the confining fluid whosetemperature acts upon said movable member.

30. In a fluid system, the combination of a fluid containing chamber,sources of fluid pressure and ducts for conveying fluid under pressurefrom said sources to said chamber, said fluids being of different naturehaving contiguous surfaces and being opposed to each other in pressureat such contiguous surfaces, a cell containlng a commeroiat vacuum andmeans to cause one of said fluid pressures in said chamber'to reactagainst said vacuum, a movable member in said chamber at the contiguoussurface of the fluids the-rein and exposed to the fluid pressures insaid chamber and mechanism controlled by said member to maintain one ofsaid pressures equal to the other at their contiguous surfaces.

31. The method of measuring the heat contents in a fluid flow above apredetermined temperature, which consists in withdrawing therefrom aproportional flow, causing a flow of another fluid at said predeterminedtemperature to absorb the heat above said predetermined temperature insaid proportional flow, regulating said last named fluid flowproportionally to the heat contents of said proportional flow andmeasuring the flow of the other fluid.

32. The method of evaluating a physical property of a flowing gaseousfluid, consisting in condensing the fluid and combining the resultantliquid with a flow of liquid whose corresponding physical property isknown, then noting such physical property of the combined flow andcomparing the values secured with the values relating to the knownliquid flow physical property values.

In witness whereof, I have signed my namze hereunto this 16th day ofFebruary, 191

GEUR-GE GOODELL EARL;

